Hallux rigidus is a degenerative-type arthritis condition that affects the large joint at the base of the great toe. Degenerative arthritis is a condition that results from wear and tear on the joint surface over time.

Anatomy
Like any other joint in the body, the joint at the base of the great toe is covered with articular cartilage, a very slick, shiny covering on the end of the bone. If this material is injured, it begins a slow process of “wearing out” or degeneration. This can result in a wearing away of the articular surface, until raw bone rubs against raw bone.
 

Symptoms
The degeneration causes two problems: pain and a loss of motion in the joint. Without the ability of the joint to move enough to allow the foot to roll through while walking, the gait is painful and difficult.
 

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually apparent on examination but x-rays are usually required to determine the extent of the degeneration and the bone spur formation.
 

Medical Treatment
Treatment begins with anti-inflammatory medication to control the inflammation of the degenerative arthritis. Special shoes that reduce the amount of bend in the toe during walking will also help the symptoms initially. A rocker-type sole allows the shoe to take some of the bending force, and may be combined with a metal brace in the sole to limit the flexibility of the sole of the shoe and reduce the motion needed in the MTP joint. Injection of cortisone into the joint may temporarily relieve symptoms. If all else fails, surgery may be suggested.